party, those who “trembled at the words of the God of Israel” (Ezra 9:4; 10:3). Ezra 7–10 emphasizes that the true people of God were Judeans who had returned from Babylonian exile and their families. The elect nation of Israel had by divine providence gone through the narrow tunnel of judgment and emerged in Judah once more. Ezra uses the Torah’s ban on intermarriage as an instrument for preserving this understanding of the religious community. For Nehemiah, the specter of assimilation arose on
Page 11